Tuesday, June 12, 2012

CAN YOU TOP THIS?




Some of the strangest reasons for repair on a camera that I have ever seen are the following:

One gentleman came into the store with a camera that was obviously water damaged.  I asked him if he had gone canoeing.  He proceeded to tell me that he had dropped the camera into a toilet.  Happens all the time.

Another camera was in a very bad state.  It seemed to have gotten wet, but somehow looked different and strangely discolored inside the mirror housing.  The explanation was thart someone had dropped an egg into it when the lens was removed.  I have heard of strange ingredients for an omelet, but that one is pushing it.

One of my customers had just purchased a new Leica R4 the moment we received the first shipment of the new camera.  It was less than a week when he returned with the camera totally beaten up.  Of course I was curious what happened.  His explanation sounded quite familiar; he had walked up to his car and set the camera on the roof to find his keys.  After driving off he saw his new Leica bounce along the road in his rear view mirror.  We sent the camera to Leica to have it repaired or replaced under their passport guarantee.  A week had gone by when the customer came in to inquire about his camera.  I explained that it would take a while longer for it to be taken care off. 

“I don’t want to wait that long to try out my new camera,” he explained, “give me another one with the same lens.”

He left, happy to be able to shoot with his new Leica R4.  Surprisingly, the camera that fell off the roof of his car was in good enough shape to be repaired rather than needing to be replaced.  That camera became a proud possession of his daughter.  





Sunday, June 10, 2012

BLOOMBERG ARTICLE ABOUT LEICA CAMERA AG


Bloomber published an interesting article about the new Leica stores in the US.  The information is basically nothing new, but it is interesting to see how they report about Leica Camera AG.  One outstanding fact is that Bloomberg, like so many others, put the $27,000 Leica S2 prominently into the foreground, including its price.  By doing so they create the impression that there is nothing else on the market within this price range, totally ignoring the fact that the Leica S2 is performance wise above most of its competition.  Other cameras that do measure up to the Leica S2, not surprisingly, sell within the same price range.

Noticeably missing in this report is the new Leica M Monochrome which has proven to be currently without equal, as well as any mention of the many other Leica products that are far from the price of the Leica S2.


Bloomberg: Leica Debuts Own U.S. Shops With $27,000 Digital Camera


For the camera’s maker, Leica Camera AG (LCA1), the challenge is compounded by the fact that it has lost more than a third of its U.S. dealers to competition from the likes of Best Buy Co. (BBY) and Costco Wholesale Corp. (COST) So, at a time when many brands are moving online, the German camera maker is opening stores.

Leica Debuts Own U.S. Shops With $27,000 Digital Camera
Eric Oberg, general manager of a Leica Camera AG concept store, handles a Leica S-series digital SLR camera before the opening of the company's first North American retail store in Washington, D.C.. Photographer: Jonathan Ernst/Bloomberg


Leica CEO Alfred Schopf
.Alfred Schopf, chief executive officer of Leica Camera AG. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg


Leica Debuts Own U.S. Shops With $27,000 Digital Camera
A Leica Camera AG M7 rangefinder camera is displayed during the grand opening of the Leica concept store in Washington, D.C. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg


Leica Debuts Own U.S. Shops With $27,000 Digital Camera
Leica Camera AG binoculars and spotting scopes are displayed during the grand opening of the Leica concept store in Washington, D.C. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg


Leica Debuts Own U.S. Shops With $27,000 Digital Camera
A man uses a Leica Camera AG S2 digital SLR camera during the grand opening of the Leica concept store in Washington, D.C. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg

The first U.S. location debuted in Washington last month, and Leica plans one each in Miami and New York this summer. By March, 2016, the company says its current roster of 37 stores will have grown to 200 worldwide. They stock a range of models from the entry-level $700 V-Lux 40 point-and-shoot to the top- of-the-line $27,000 S2.

“It is a high-risk strategy,” Walter Loeb, president of Loeb Associates Inc., a New York-based retail consulting firm, said in a telephone interview. “Leica needs to establish itself more directly in the U.S. but it’s a small market for high- priced cameras and it’s highly competitive.”

Leica is opening stores at a time when U.S. consumers are buying fewer cameras because many are using phones such as Apple Inc.’s iPhone to take photos. Last year, Americans spent $6.2 billion on cameras, down 8.3 percent from 2010, the Consumer Electronics Association estimates. The average price per-camera was $173. Leica says it has less than 1 percent of the market, while Canon Inc. (7751) and Nikon Corp. (7731) command 42 percent between them, according Mintel, a research firm based in London.

Dodged Bankruptcy

The store rollout is part of Chief Executive Officer Alfred Schopf’s efforts to turn around the Solms, Germany-based company, which was slow to embrace digital technology. In 2004, the company dodged bankruptcy; two years later, French luxury handbag maker Hermes International (RMS) SCA sold its 36 percent stake in Leica, ending a relationship that began in 2000. Since then sales have recovered, in part because Leica managed to merge its engineering prowess with new digital technology.
The shares have jumped 82 percent in the past 12 months.

The maker of photo equipment, hunting lenses and nature- watching products has been developing its new store design for more than three years. It includes a retail space, a studio area to demonstrate products and a gallery -- to exhibit photographs shot with Leica cameras -- that can be converted into a lecture room for the company’s Leica Akademie photography courses.

“We didn’t want it to be seen like an average store with Japan brand 1 and Japan brand 2 and Korean brand 1 and Korean brand 2,” Schopf, 53, said in an interview in Washington. “We stand for a certain image of quality and this is something we wanted to show in this environment. We are showing a dedication to the quality of photography.”

Rich History

He wouldn’t say how much Leica is spending on the stores.
Leica chose the U.S. capital as its first U.S. location because the area’s economy has been thriving during the uneven U.S. recovery, has strong unmet local demand, and has a rich history of photojournalism, said Roland Wolff, director of corporate retail for Leica’s U.S. arm.
The stores -- some operated by Leica; some by authorized dealers under a joint investment arrangement -- are luxurious and minimalist like the cameras. They feature black leather furniture from Germany and gray tiles from Italy. The sole color accent: the red of the Leica logo.
Leica’s compact cameras, introduced in the 1920s, revolutionized photography. They were developed by German optical engineer Oskar Barnack, who had worked in microscope research and was employed by an optician called Ernst Leitz in Wetzlar, Germany.

Photographer Founder

Barnack was an avid photographer who suffered from asthma and wanted equipment for outdoor photography that was easier to use than the heavy plate cameras of the day. He introduced a small-format 35mm-camera in 1925, using a brand name that was a combination of the name Leitz and the word “camera.”
In 1932, about 90,000 Leicas were in use; by 1961, a million. Milestones include the rangefinder cameras such as the Leica M3 introduced in 1954 and the M6 in 1984. The R-System debuted in 1976 with the R3, which was the company’s first electronic model. Leica cameras have captured many an indelible image, from Alberto Korda’s portrait of Che Guevara to Huynh Cong Ut’s “Napalm Girl” to Jim Marshall’s photo of Janis Joplin with a bottle of Southern Comfort.
In 1998, the company introduced the Digilux, its first digital compact camera. By then, however, Leica had lost customers to Canon and Nikon.

Candid Shots

Sales rallied after it introduced digital versions of its iconic 1950s-era M camera. The M series is the “best tool” for photojournalists because it’s quiet -- making it ideal for close-up, candid shots -- and highly durable, Wolff said. The company still makes film cameras, though digital models generate more than 90 percent of sales.
Sales surged 57 percent to 248.8 million euros ($309.7 million) in Leica’s most recent year, and the company’s improving prospects prompted Blackstone Group LP to take an indirect 44 percent stake. In the year ended March 2011, consolidated income grew more than tenfold to 36.3 million euros ($45.2 million).
While revenue doubled in the past two years, it will rise just 10 percent this year because demand is outstripping manufacturing capacity, according to Schopf. The company is working to expand output, he said. On April 25, Leica broke ground on a new headquarters in Wetzlar, where visiting Leica buffs will be able to watch the cameras being made.
Besides opening its own stores, Leica also has built 54 boutiques inside authorized dealers.
“It is a way to make sure your brand is presented the way you want,” Wolff said. “We want to offer more than just product. We want to inspire with the photographs, we want to share what people can do with the product.”
For some Leica aficionados that means taking photos the old-fashioned way. The first camera sold at the new Washington store: one that uses film.



Saturday, June 9, 2012

LEICA GALLERY 6-09-2012


Much praise has been given lately about the new performance level of the new Leica cameras and lenses, and deservedly so.  But we must not forget that even older Leica equipment is fully capable of delivering outstanding performance.  For that reason today’s Gallery consists entirely of photographs taken approximately 30 years ago.

Blaine Schultz
"Sand Dunes"
Leicaflex SL-2, 28mm f/2.8 Elmarit-R 
Ilford HP 5

Don Brenneman
LOST BAY, KABETOGAMA LAKE
Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota
Leica M2, 90mm f/2.8 Elmarit-M
Kodak Tri X

Don Brenneman
Vermilion River Gorge
Crane Lake, Minnesota
Leicaflex SL, 21mm f/4 Super Angulon-R
Kodak Panatomic X

Dr. Farrell S. Stiegler
Lumbertown USA
near Brainerd, Minnesota
Leicaflex SL, 45-90 f/2.8 Angenieux Zoom

Marlies Amling 
"Die Mutter" 
(The mother)
Leica R3, 50mm f/2 Summicron-R
Heliopan Softar
Ilford Pan F

This photograph was awarded First Prize at a European photography competition in (then) Czechoslovakia in 1980



View other Leica Galleries here:

LEICA GALLERY 8-07-2012

LEICA Barnack Berek Blog GALLERY  7-11-2012

FRENCH LEICA PHOTOGRAPHER SOLENN HERVOUET

THE DECISIVE MOMENT

LÜNEBURG HEATH – A LEICA PICTURE STORY

LEICA Barnack Berek Blog GALLERY  5-14-2012

LFI GALLERY

LEICA Barnack Berek Blog Gallery  3-28-12

FINE ART NUDE PHOTOGRAPHY

LEICA Barnack Berek Blog GALLERY









Friday, June 8, 2012

LEICA NEWS FROM GERMANY


The German photography magazine INPHO, in an article about some of the new Leica products, reports that the Leica M9-P Edition Hermes will be available in two version,  an edition of 300, equipped with the 1:1,4/50mm ASPH and an edition of 100, equipped with the 1:2/28mm ASPH, 1:0.95/50mm ASPH and 1:2/90mm ASPH.  Prices are stated to be €20,000 and €40,000.






The article also mentions the upcoming Photokina 18 - 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.  They report that Leica will be presented in a never before seen manner.  They will occupy Halle 1 (hall 1) in its entirety.  Not only will Leica show their new products, including as of yet unknown new cameras and lenses, they will also have a display of historic Leica cameras and an exhibition of selected works of internationally known photographers. 

Photokina is one of the premier events that focus to the entire photographic and imaging sector. Many exhibitors are participating from across the world to showcase thir latest products and services. It occurs every two years, and in 2010, 1523 companies exhibited at the show and more than 169,000 people attended the show.
Photokina 2012 is the highlight and the center of photography for all photo enthusiasts, be they amateur or professional photographers or simply photography aficionados.




SELBSBEWUSSTSEIN IN SOLMS



Das deutsche Foto Fachmagazin IN PHO hat einen Artikel über einige der neuen Leicaprodukte mit dem Titel Selbsbewusstsein Made in Germany veröffentlicht.  Vieles ist inzwishen zwar bekannt, aber es ist interessant zu sehen dass die Leica M9-P Edition Hermes in zwei verschiedenen Ausführungen geliefert wird.  Eine Auflage von 300 Exemplaren mit dem 1:1,4/50mm ASPH und eine Auflage von 100 Exemplaren mit 1:2/28mm ASPH, 1:0.95/50mm ASPH und 1:2/90mm ASPH.






Wednesday, June 6, 2012

LEICA APO-SUMMICRON-M 50/2 ASPH REVIEW AND COMPARISON


Ming Thein published an excellent test report about the new Leica APO-Summicron-M 50/2 ASPH on his blog.  His conclusion:  the new Leica APO-Summicron-M 50/2 ASPH is the best 50mm lens currently available at any price.




COMPARISON LEICA M MONOCHROM vs. LEICA M6


The French magazine Focus Numerique published a comparison test between the Leica M Monochrom and a Leica M6 with Kodak Tri-X film.  Obviously, the Leica M Monochrom outperformed the M6 by leaps and bounds.  I cannot understand why the magazine purposely used Tri-X instead of the many superior black and white films available.  I don’t mean to upset any of the Tri-X fans, but that film has always been a rather grainy medium in comparison to other films, even those of the same speed. By choosing Tri-X, Focus Numerique unfairly tilted the outcome towards the Leica M Monochrom.

Go to…

What is your opinion?




Tuesday, June 5, 2012

TAMARKIN CAMERA MOVES TO CHICAGO


From L Camera Blog:

Chicago, Illinois – May 31, 2012- Tamarkin Camera announces its upcoming move to Chicago. The new Tamarkin Camera showroom will open in the City of Chicago in July 2012.

“We’re thrilled to bring Tamarkin Camera service and expertise – along with the quality of Leica – to Chicago. It’s a remarkable opportunity and we look forward to serving the photographers of the Chicago and all around the globe,” says Dan Tamarkin, the eldest son of Tamarkin Camera founder, Stan Tamarkin.

Tamarkin will continue to buy, sell and trade Leica cameras


Tamarkin Camera will open its doors in Chicago this coming July, in the stylish River North Gallery District, in the Central Arts Building at 300 West Superior.
The Tamarkin Camera toll-free phone number remains the same (1-800-289-5342, 1-800-BUY-LEICA) and the company will continue to buy, sell and trade new, used and vintage Leica as the move is made.

Tamarkin Camera the familyowned Leica dealership


Founded in 1984 (and collecting and trading since 1971), Tamarkin Camera is a familyowned Leica dealership. “My father infused me with the passion for Leica. It’s an honor for me to continue this exciting tradition,” says Dan.

I have personally known Stan Tamarking since 1978 and I wish him and his son the best of luck at the new location.

Heinz Richter



Monday, May 28, 2012

ISO TEST: LEICA M MONOCHROME vs.LEICA M9


The Red Dot Forum has an eye opening comparison test between the new Leica M Monochrome and the Leica M9...

By David Farkas


Article Preview

While I had the M Monochrom for testing in Germany, I figured I'd do a quick semi-controlled ISO test compared to my M9. I had certain impressions of relative ISO performance during my review of the M Monochrom, but nothing beats a side-by-side test. Before we get into the comparisons, let me first ...

Read more => http://www.reddotforum.com/content.php/231-ISO-Test-Leica-M-Monochrom-vs.-Leica-M9




Saturday, May 26, 2012

M9 M - INCREDIBLE PERFORMACE PROOF



Now that the much heralded day of May 10 has gone by, when we have been made aware of the new offerings form Leica, we are beginning to see more and more opinions and evaluations of the new Leica products.  Especially the new Leica M Monochrome is getting a lot of attention, deservedly so.  I have yet to see any evaluations and realistic tests, uneducated opinions none withstanding, that are not expressing absolute awe over the performance of that camera.  I have not yet had a chance to shoot with it on my own.  Subsequently my input has to be based on that of others.  But it is not premature to say that there is little, if anything, on the market that comes even close to the M9-M in terms of black and white performance and yes, even price.

The Red Dot Forum just released an evaluation and test report on the camera with numerous examples at http://www.reddotforum.com/?gclid=CMaSr52Dq68CFY0BQAod-1wwaA.  

Individual opinions are one thing, but ultimately it is the results that count.  The image examples shown, especially if one takes into account the short comings of out computer monitor screens, are breath taking.  What is really amazing is the camera performance at ISO 10,000.  I venture to say that currently, there is no camera on the market that even comes close to the Leica M9 M at these ISO settings.  Add to that the fact that the M9 M can be used with super-fast lenses across the board, including the incomparable Noctilux 50mm f/0.95, and you have an available light camera system that is without equal.  Take a look for yourself.  With all the often heard criticism of Leica pricing, here is an example where you definitely get what you pay for.  The M9-M is without competition!



Friday, May 25, 2012

LEICA X1, D-LUX 4 OFFICIALLY DISCONTINUED



The Leica X1 and the D-Lux 4 have officially been discontinued by Leica as have been any accessories for both cameras.


















Here is a complete list:

•018-163 V-LUX 30
•018-400 X1, Black
•018-420 X1, Steel Grey
•018-643 D-LUX 4 Accessory Kit w/Battery
•018-640 Lithium-Ion Akku Battery
•018-658 AC Adapter ACA-DC5
•018-663 Digilux w/Li-ion Battery BP-DC 3
•013-336 Digilux 2 77E Circular Polarized Filter




Thursday, May 24, 2012

THE MEGAPIXEL RACE - ARE THERE LIMITS?


WHAT MAKES SENSE?

 
Most people are under the mistaken impression that the higher the megapixel count in a camera, the better the performance.  Even though it may appear to defy logic, this isn’t the case at all.  Any optical system, even a theoretical one that is made without any optical aberration or other faults has a performance limit.

With the ever increasing pixel density of digital sensors, an ever increasing number of megapixels are being put in the same space.  That brings up the question if our lenses are even capable of a level of resolution to take advantage of the sensor’s capability.

Even the most accurately made lenses have an absolute limit: the light.

The resolution of any optical system is limited by diffraction.  The light, the aperture and especially the diffraction of the light at the edges of the diaphragm constitute an absolute limit of the overall resolution.  It is impossible to achieve a resolution higher than that allowed by the lens, regardless of the resolution capabilities of the sensor or film.

To demonstrate what this means, here are several photographic examples. 


The photograph shows 99.99% pure manganese chips, oxidized in air.  For scale a cube with a one centimeter base length is included.  All photos by Heinrich Pniok.

F/2.8

F/4

F/8

F/16 (Image deterioration due to diffraction becomes visible)

f/22 ( Image deterioration due to diffraction definitely visible)

f/32

The cropped images show an exact area of 500 x 500 pixels of the entire image of 5616 x 3744 pixels.

Resolution capabilities of various optical systems

This brings up the question of what resolution a photography system is capable of under ideal conditions.  This is a very interesting question in view of the fact that many digital cameras are getting close or even exceed the limits of diffraction – the sensors are of a resolution level that the lenses are hardly capable of achieving.  To be clear, this has nothing to do with the quality of the lenses, it is solely because of the limits of physics.

Here is a table of these limits based on sensor size.


The lens opening or aperture is the deciding factor for the resolution capabilities of any optical system.  The larger the diameter in relation to the focal length, the larger is the theoretical resolution.  Each subsequent smaller aperture will half the visible resolution.

Unfortunately, the performance of most lenses is usually less wide open than when moderately stopped down.  The theoretical values at f/1.4 can hardly be reached in the real world.  Optimum performance usually is not reached until stopping down to a range of f/2.8 (at best) to f/5.6 or f/8.  Please note that due to diffusion within the emulsion these figures extend to f/11 with most color and black and white films.

This is especially important with smaller sensor sizes.  While a 35mm full frame sensor is capable of a theoretical resolution of 60 megapixels at f/5.6, a 2/3 sensor is reduced to just 4.4 megapixels at the same aperture.

At this point, the actual pixel size becomes important also.  As a rule of thumb, we use Aperture divided by 1.5 equals pixel size in microns or µm (Aperture/1.5=pixel size).  For example, 2 / 1,5 = 1,3; 5,6 / 1,5 = 3,7.  At f/2, all sensors with a length of 1,3 µm or more on each side are capable of resolving all the lens can deliver, but at f/5.6 the individual pixel size has to increase to a length of at least 3,7 µm to do the same.  If the individual pixel size is smaller, resulting in a seemingly higher sensor resolution, we are dealing with a so-called blind resolution which cannot be achieved because of the physical limits of the resolution of the lens.  

It must be pointed out once more that these values all are based on theoretically flawless optical systems.  Not included are negative impacts from anti-aliasing filters, signal processing (keyword Nyquist Frequency), increases in noise and the necessary interpolation of sensors with Bayer mosaic (RGB filters).

We also must not forget camera movement.  Without a tripod, these figures are reduced by another 25% at a shutter speed of 1/125 sec.  Of course this increases noticeably with longer exposure times.

f/2.8

f/32

This is an extreme example which shows the image deterioration quite well.  However, we must also consider the increase of depth of field with smaller apertures.  At times this might be more important and subsequently deliver an overall better image, even with the overall image deterioration associated with small apertures.  

Ultimately it is up to each individual what performance parameters we want to set for or expect from our camera equipment.  This article hopefully made it clear that megapixel resolution is not necessarily the key to overall performance of our camera equipment, that lens performance is of equal, if not even greater importance.

This brings us to Leica lenses in particular.  Since theoretical resolution is highest at the largest aperture of a lens, it makes sense to use lenses which do offer good performance at those apertures.  In this regard Leica lenses are unsurpassed.  While competitor lenses might come close in performance to their Leica equivalents at smaller apertures, their performance fall off wide open is usually noticeably greater than with their Leica counterparts.  For example, the 180mm f/3.4 Apo-Telyt R was specifically designed to offer optimum performance at maximum aperture.  There was no appreciable performance increase at smaller apertures.  Thus the lens is capable of taking full advantage of the performance increase when used wide open.  We should always evaluate a lens by its performance at ALL apertures and not only the ones that result in the best results.  It doesn’t make any sense to by a fast f/1.4 lens, for instance, if it requires to be stopped down to f/4 or f/5.6 to deliver adequate results.


For more information go to:

MANUFACTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES

OPTICAL GLASSES

DEPTH OF FIELD

LENS TESTS

In Memory of the LEITZ GLASS LABORATORY

MONOCHROME SENSOR – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

LEICA PRICES – JUSTIFIED?




Wednesday, May 23, 2012

WETZLAR - GLOBUS SCHWEBT ZUM KREISEL


Kran hebt vier Tonnen schwere Stahlkugel an ihren Standort

Wetzlar (sab). Gut vier Tonnen wiegt die Weltkugel, die seit Dienstag auf dem Kreisel am Leitz-Park steht. Und doch ist der Stahl-Globus beinahe sanft an seinen Standort geschwebt. Pünktlich zum Hessentag ist das Kunstwerk, dass die Leitz-Park GmbH der Stadt Wetzlar schenkt, fertig und montiert.


Mission erfüllt: Bauleiter Markus Stupp nimmt die Kugel nach dem gelungenen Transport vom Haken

Mehr als 1000 kleine und größere Kreise - Symbol für Objektive, wie Leitz-Park-Geschäftsführer Wolfgang Kisselbach erläutert - sind auf der im Durchmesser fünf Meter großen Kugel in Form der verschiedenen Erdteile angeordnet. In Europa, dort, wo Deutschland, genauer Wetzlar, oder noch genauer der Leitz-Park mit dem künftigen Leica-Camera-Standort liegt, ist einer der Kreise Leica-rot eingefärbt.

Über eine halbe Million Euro haben der Globus und die Gestaltung des Kreisels gekostet. Beides schenken die Leitz-Park GmbH und Leica-Camera-Aufsichtsratschef Andreas Kaufmann der Stadt Wetzlar.

Weltkugel wird in zwei Hälften nach Wetzlar gebracht und am "Äquator" verschweißt

"Wir sind stolz, dass das rechtzeitig zum Hessentag fertig wird", sagt Leitz-Park-Geschäftsführer Kisselbach. "Das wird ein schönes Entree für Wetzlar", erklärt er mit Blick auf die Autofahrer, die von der A 45 über den Kreisel in die Domstadt kommen.

An die Autofahrer ist auch bei der Gestaltung der Kugel gedacht worden. Sie ist sandgestrahlt, damit der Stahl nicht in der Sonne glänzt und Autofahrer blendet. Doch dieser Arbeitsschritt kam ganz zum Schluss. Zuvor stand das Design, das maßgeblich von Karin Rehn-Kaufmann stammt und von der Frankfurter Firma Wewer Landschaftsarchitektur umgesetzt wurde.

"Wir sind stolz, dass das rechtzeitig zum Hessentag fertig wird", sagt Leitz-Park-Geschäftsführer Kisselbach. "Das wird ein schönes Entree für Wetzlar", erklärt er mit Blick auf die Autofahrer, die von der A 45 über den Kreisel in die Domstadt kommen.

An die Autofahrer ist auch bei der Gestaltung der Kugel gedacht worden. Sie ist sandgestrahlt, damit der Stahl nicht in der Sonne glänzt und Autofahrer blendet. Doch dieser Arbeitsschritt kam ganz zum Schluss. Zuvor stand das Design, das maßgeblich von Karin Rehn-Kaufmann stammt und von der Frankfurter Firma Wewer Landschaftsarchitektur umgesetzt wurde.
Gebaut wurde die Kugel in Ludwigshafen durch die Firma Kunstwerk Maudach. Innen ist der Globus hohl, nach dem gleichen Prinzip gebaut, nach dem auch Schiffsrümpfe gefertigt werden, erklärt Geschäftsführer Guenter de Rosa. In zwei Hälften wurde die Kugel nach Wetzlar transportiert und erst vor Ort am "Äquator" zusammen geschweißt. Dann folgte die Sandstrahlung.
Bis Dienstagmorgen stand die Kugel eingerüstet neben dem Kreisel. Gegen 9 Uhr legten die Arbeiter los, ein Kran hob den Globus aus dem Gerüst heraus. Und während die Straße aus Sicherheitsgründen gesperrt wurde - der Rückstau reichte bis zur A 45 - hob der Kran die Kugel auf den Kreisel. Beim Herablassen war Zentimeterarbeit gefragt. Denn die Kugel musste auf das vorbereitete Fundament gesetzt und verschraubt werden.
Nun wird noch der Boden um das Kunstwerk gepflastert. Am 5. Juni, 15 Uhr, soll alles fertig sein. Denn dann wird Kaufmann den Globus offiziell der Stadt Wetzlar übergeben.


Kreise bilden die Kontinente.  In Europa, dort wo Wetzlar und der Leica Standort
liegen, Ist ein Kreis Leica-rot eingefärbt.



Tuesday, May 22, 2012

LEICA PRICES - JUSTIFIED?


Leica rumors published a lengthy article titled
“The Mystery of Leica Pricing Explained by J Shin.”
It dispels the criticism Leica often receives for their pricing policies.  It shows that Leica, just like everyone else, has to follow economic principles to be a viable company.

However, what is hardly touched on at all is the fact that Leica’s production methods are different from virtually any other camera or lens manufacturer.  It is a fact that Leica does not mass produce any of their items.  This is necessary to be able to reach the performance levels of their equipment.  No mass production will ever be able to match the overall tolerances applied to Leica cameras and lenses.  Yet it is those tolerances that are necessary to elevate overall performance to optimum levels. 

It is often said that Leica cameras and lenses are hand-made.  That is misleading.  Leica uses a bench made process where individual manufacturing and assembly steps are done by individuals on separate desks or benches.  This enables each manufacturing and assembly step to be immediately accompanied by a test.  Only if this test proves the manufacturing or assembly step to be within set tolerances is the item allowed to advance to the next step.  If not, the necessary corrections are made or, if that is not possible, the item is rejected.  This is considerably beyond mass production where applied tolerances are necessarily lower and only periodic spot checks are done.

I have personally witnessed these procedures at the Leica plants I have visited.  For instance, lens manufacturing starts with the grinding of individual lens elements.  Only one element is ground at a time.  This starts with a blank disc which is inserted into the grinding machine.  The first few steps are automated.  All individual grinding steps are done with different machines.  Once a step is completed, the lens element is moved to the next grinding machine by a technician.  After the third or fourth step the lens element is checked for accuracy and, if necessary, additional grinding is done before the lens element is moved to the next step.  This continues throughout the entire grinding and polishing process.  The criteria checked are sphericity, the accuracy of the lens surface curvatures, centering, and lens element thickness, just to mention some of the most important ones.  Once a lens element has passed all of these steps and once they are thoroughly cleaned, they are coated with the anti reflection coating.  To my knowledge, only Leica considers this as part of the manufacturing steps.  With other words, the thickness of the coating, which is only in the range of a few molecules, is included in the measurements for lens element thickness and sphericity.  Once finished, the lens elements are optically tested to assure that they are within proper optical tolerances.  In addition, any allowable deviances from the ideal are recorded by a 0 or a +/- designation of for example -3 or +3.  The elements are sorted accordingly.

The mechanical parts of the lenses are made along the same guide lines.  Each manufacturing step is immediately accompanied by a check and the correction of any deviances if necessary.  For instance, I observed a part of a lens being made on a small lace.  The test apparently proved that not all was within tolerances, and the lens part was further worked on.  This went back and forth several times until all was perfect.  Not until then did work proceed to the next item.

During the assembly of a lens individual lens elements are not assembled at random.  Instead the deviances of individual elements from the ideal are compensated for with other elements with similar deviances.  For instance, a +3 element might be paired with a -3 one.  It should be noted here that all these deviances have to be within the extreme tolerances set by Leitz.  The end result of all this precision is generally lenses with a noticeably higher performance than those from competitors, but also substantially lower performance differences from lens to lens.

The manufacture of Leica cameras follows the same principles.  Needless to say, such attention to detail and precision does come at a price.  If these higher prices for Leica cameras and lenses are worthwhile is something that everyone has to decide for him or herself.  However, these steps are necessary to set Leica apart from the crowd, so to speak. 

Here is a short list of some tolerances applied by Leica compared to their competition:

Mechanical tolerances of cameras and lenses

Leica 1/100 mm (1/2540 inch), general industry standard 1/1000 to 1/1500 inch.

Optical tolerances

Accuracy of refractive index of glass: Leica standard +/- 0.0002%, international standard +/-0.001%. 
Accuracy of Abbe number (dispersion): Leica standard +/- 0.2%, international standard +/- 0.8%.

Individual Lens Elements

For the manufacture of individual lens elements Leica allows production tolerance of no more than ¼ lambda or ¼ of the average wavelength of light which corresponds to approximately 0.00015mm.  (0.000005906 inch).  International standards are ½ lambda or 0.0003mm (0.00001181 inch).

For more information go to:


MANUFACTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES:

LENS TESTS

IN MEMORY of the LEITZ GLASS LABORATORY




Sunday, May 20, 2012

MONOCHROME SENSOR - WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE


A lot has been said about the new Leica M Monochrom and, as usual, opinions differ.  However, one fact has emerged that cannot be argued.  The performance of the new camera is quite amazing.  Even though the sensor of the camera has the same 18 megapixel resolution as the M9 and M9-P, overall sharpness and tonal range is visibly better.  How is that possible?

The main difference lies in the fact that the Leica M Monochrom sensor is strictly black and white.  Just as with the M9 sensor, the manufacturer is Truesense, the former sensor division of Kodak.  Color sensors need to employ a lot of tricks and compromises in order to deliver a color image with full resolution.

In front the sensor requires the installation of a screen of color filters.  Each pixel is covered by either a red, green or blue filter.  Subsequently each pixel records only the color values of that particular filter.  In order for each pixel to generate all colors, the missing colors are transferred from the surrounding pixels by interpolation.  The image processor of the camera then has to find a compromise between resolution, noise and interpolation artifacts.  All these steps adversely affect resolution, sensitivity and indirectly, noise.


Since a monochrome sensor doesn’t have to deliver color values, the filter screen is unnecessary and image information is generated without interpolation and its subsequent compromises.  This enables the sensor to deliver full resolution.

Even though the sensor of the Leica M Monochrom has the same 18 megapixel resolution as the M9, it is capable of noticeably better performance.  Higher resolution and detail sharpness through the elimination of interpolation, higher sensitivity and less noise because no light is absorbed by the filters.

Additional advantages are no need to white balance.  Instead the image files can be directly recorded as toned black and white images in varying amounts.  Available are blue, selenium and sepia.

The entire range of ISO values has been shifted.  The maximum ISO value is 10,000, compared to 2,500 with the M9.  Minimum ISO value is 160.  However, that is considered a ‘pull value’ which results in lowered contrast.  For optimum results Leica recommends ISO 320.

Following are images taken with the Leica M Monochrom.

Test of resolution:

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The detail of the wall is achieved without any further manipulation.

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The point-like structures of the plant are resolved at individual pixel level.

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Test of high ISO performance:

Taken at ISO 8,000.

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Taken at ISO 3,200.

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Even the surface of the water shows no noise at all.

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Test of range of contrast and tonal range:

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Lightened to show the incredible amount of detail maintained in the shadows.

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All Pictures courtesy of Andreas Jürgensen of Systemkamera-Blog