Leica has always had a very high reputation for making some of the fastest lenses on the market. The current 50mm f/0.95 Noctilux is the fastest aspheric production lens available from any manufacturer. But not only is it very fast, it is also an amazingly well performing lens, even wide open. The performance at f/0.95 combined with some of the high ISO setting available on the M9 or even more so, the New Leica M, allows the photographer to shoot under available light conditions that were impossible to take advantage of in the past.
Noctilux 50mm f/0.95
The Noctilux f/0.95 replaced the famous Noctilus f/1 which was first introduced in 1975. It too was an amazingly well performing lens, including the f/1 aperture, and many owners of this lens can consider themselves very lucky indeed. The Noctily f/1 was one of the crowning achievements of Dr. Mandler, chief lens designer of Leica in the 70s and 80s. He set out to make a replacement of the original Noctilux 50mm f/1.2 that was not only 50 percent faster but also better in overall performance, all without the aid of aspheric elements. He succeeded to do so, but not until the Leitz glass laboratory was able to develop a glass that enabled the production of the lens. To my knowledge, this glass is still of the highest refracting index ever produced and used in actual lens production. The refracting index was a previously thought of as unattainable ne 1.9005.
Noctilux 50mm f/1
The predecessor of this lens was the original Noctilux 50mm f/1.2. Introduced in 1966, it was the first production lens with aspheric lens surfaces. At that time, this was an incredibly complicated process that required a fair amount of hand grinding of the elements. Subsequently the lens was priced accordingly. Even by today’s standards the lens was an incredible performer.
Noctilux 50mm f/1.2
But the Noctilux lines of lenses are not the only extremely fast lenses ever made by Leitz. There were several others which have come and gone. These were mostly special application lenses that had only limited use for general photography.
One such lens was the ELCAN 90mm f/1. ELCAN was the trade name for Ernst Leitz Canada, the Canadian branch established by Leitz in 1952 in Midland, Ontario. The lens was made for the US Air Force as a special night photography application lens. Since focusing is very critical at that wide an aperture, and since the lens blocked most of the viewfinder because of its massive size, the lens had no focusing mount. Instead it came with three focus rings, engraved 50 meters, 100 meters and infinity.
ELCAN 90mm f/1 with the infinity focus ring installed and the
50 meter and 100 meter focus rings in the foreground
But there were lenses with even higher speeds like the Leitz-IR 150mm f/0.85 and the Leitz Summar 75mm f/0.85. Very little is known about these two lenses. Apparently the 75mm f/0.85 Summar was used for x-ray photography while the 150mm f/0.85, considering the IR designation, appears to have been used specifically for infrared photography.
Leitz 15cm (150mm) f/0.85
Leitz 7.5 cm (75mm) f/0.85
Finally, the two Leica speed champs were a 65mm f/0.75 and a 50mm f/0.75 lens. Both appear to have been designed specifically for x-ray photography. But I have seen regular color photographs made with one of them which looked quite interesting. They were mostly close ups of flowers, taken wide open. Needless to say, the depth of field was extremely shallow. Yet the in-focus areas actually looked quite good.
ELCAN 65mm f/0.75
Thus we reached the end of this excursion into the world of super fast Leica lenses. It is doubtful that we will ever see anything faster than the Noctilux 50mm f/0.95 in the future. With the ever increasing high ISO capabilities of modern digital cameras, the need for any such lenses is diminishing quickly. So, if you are interested, get what you can now. Tomorrow might be too late.
Additional information can be found here:
In Memory of the LEITZ GLASS LABORATORY
OPTICAL GLASSES
The 150mm f0.75 must have been a huge lens. Do you have any measurements at all?
ReplyDeleteI was thinking the same thing. Since the speed of a lens is the focal length divided by the diameter of the lens, the diameter of this lens should be 200mm or almost 8 inches, correct?
ReplyDeleteYes, almost 8 inches is correct. Because of the massive amounts of glass in this lens, it weighed over 10 kilogram or more than 22 pounds. That is massive for a 150mm lens.
ReplyDeleteThe weight is 13 kg.
DeleteThank you for commenting with the exact figure.
DeleteHave there been any lenses faster than these Leica lenses?
ReplyDeleteYes, there have. The fastest lens on record is an 81mm f/0.38, a solid Schmidt mirror lens, made by American Optical. The Signal Corps Engineering once used a 33mm f/0.6 lens. If you google ‘fastest camera lenses’ you will find a long list of such lenses.
ReplyDeleteProbably the most famous one is a 50mm f/0.7 lens made by Zeiss for NASA. A version of this lens, converted for use on 35mm motion picture cameras, was used by Stanley Kubrick for some candle light scenes in the movie Barry Lyndon.
What is a solid Schmidt mirror lens?
ReplyDeleteI am not quite sure what this is referring to either. The basic Schmidt design is a telescope (or lens) with a spherical mirror on one end and an aspherical corrector lens in the front. The focal point or film plane is inside the lens between the mirror and the corrector lens. I think what the listing is referring to is a Schmidt Cassegrain design. This is essentially the design that all mirror lenses for cameras use. Here too we have usually a spherical mirror in the back with an aspherical corrector lens in the front. Inside is a secondary, convex mirror that reflects the light back towards a hole in the center of the main mirror to the focal plane outside the lens, in back of the main mirror. In some designs the secondary mirror is attached to the center of the corrector lens. This allows the lens to incorporate a solid glass interior. Vivitar several years ago sold a solid glass mirror lens of such a design. The advantage of a solid glass mirror lens lies in the fact that the two mirrors and the corrector lens cannot get out of alignment and are therefore more reliable in the long run.
ReplyDelete